留学付款(在美国如何支付高昂学费？这一联邦政府计划可以提供支持)

在美国怎样付出热血学费？这一联邦当局方案可以提供支持

美国联邦

勤工俭学方案

近些年来，美国公立和私立大学学费都在飙升，对很多家庭来说都是一种包袱。很多大学生必要经过哀求存款、兼职等办法付出大学学费。但关于国际学生来说，校外打工也仅限定，校内兼职则竞争很大。

美国出台的联邦勤工俭学方案（Federal Work-study Program）用于接济切合条件的学生，让他们更好地完成学业。这可以成为留学生思索的一个范围。

Unlike other types of student financial aid, the federal work-study program typically accounts for only a small portion of funding sources that families use to covercollege expenses.

与其他典范的学生财务帮助不同，联邦勤工俭学方案通常只占家庭用于付出大学学费资金的一小局部。

In 2022, 20% of families relied on work-study to pay for college, and the average aid amount among those families from that source was $1,531, according to Sallie Mae's How America Pays for College 2022 study.

依据《2022年美国怎样付出大学用度》研讨标明，在2022年，20%的家庭必要依托勤工俭学付出大学学费，这些家庭收到的均匀接济金额为1531美元。

But when it comes to paying for college, every dollar counts. Here's what students and parents should know about the federal work-study program.

但是，当触及到付出学费时，每一分钱都必要花在刀刃上。以下是学生和家长必要了解的联邦勤工俭学方案。

01

什么是勤工俭学方案？

Federal work-study is a form of need-based financial aid that offers undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to work a part-time job to help cover their educational expenses.

联邦勤工俭学是一种基于需求的财务接济情势，它为本科生和研讨生提供从事兼职事情的时机，让他们可以付出学业用度。

The federal government subsidizes a portion of a student's paycheck – up to 75% – so the employer only has to pay a fraction.

联邦当局会对学生薪资举行一局部的补助，最高可达75%，因此店主只必要付出一小局部的补助。

"It's a great way for schools to hire students at a relatively low cost to the institution," says Norm Bedford, associate vice president for student financial services at Virginia Commonwealth University.

弗吉尼亚联邦大学卖力学生财务办事的副校长诺姆·贝德福德表现：“这是学校以相对较低的本钱雇佣学生的一个好办法。”

02

谁有资历哀求勤工俭学方案？

Work-study is available to full- and part-time undergraduate, graduate and professional students at participating schools, but not all qualify. Students must demonstrate their financial need by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or the FAFSA.

勤工俭学是为学校整日制和非整日制的本科生、研讨生和专业学生提供的，但这未料味着一切人都切合勤工俭学的哀求条件。学生必需经过填写联邦学生接济无偿哀求表（FAFSA）来分析他们的经济需求。

The total work-study award amount that students are eligible to receive depends on several factors, such as when they apply, their financial need and a school's funding level.

学生可以取得勤工俭学奖学金取决于几个要素，比如他们的哀求时间、经济需求和学校的帮助水平。

03

怎样哀求勤工俭学方案？

One question on the FAFSA asks students if they are interested in participating in the work-study program. And applicants must answer "yes" and submit the form by the deadline for each institution to which they apply. Priority deadlines can be as early as November, so experts recommend applying early.

FAFSA中的一个成绩是：学生对否有兴致到场勤工俭学项目，哀求人必需回复“是”。除此之外，哀求人需在停止日期条件交表格才干被思索。专家发起尽早哀求，由于停止日期最早会早于11月。

"There's only so much financial aid funding available," Bedford says. "Federal work-study is not an infinite pool of money. Schools only receive so much from the U.S. Department of Education. In order to maximize the money that you have, there has to be a deadline for this."

“财务帮助资金是仅限的，”贝德福德表现，“联邦勤工俭学并不是一个无底的资金池。学校从美国教导部取得的资金是仅限的。为了最大限制地使用你拥有的资金，就必要设定一个限期。”

Federal work-study is not guaranteed simply because a student has financial need. Like any other job, students have to apply and go through an interview process. Job listings can usually be found on a college's student employment webpage, which typically indicates what jobs are eligible for work-study.

联邦勤工俭学并不会由于学生有经济需求就会举行包管。像其他事情一样，学生必需哀求并举行口试。学生可以从学院的事情网页上找到事情表格，此中列出了可以取得勤工俭学的事情。

Additionally, qualifying for the work-study program once does not mean a student can participate each year. Students need to complete the FAFSA every year they want any form of financial aid, as family income often changes and may result in a student no longer qualifying.

别的，有资历到场勤工俭学并未料味着学生每年都可以到场。学生必要每年完成FAFSA，由于随着学生家庭收入的厘革，约莫会招致学生不再切合资历。

04

勤工俭学方案提供什么事情典范？

Work-study students typically have jobs on campus. However, students can seek off-campus employment at companies that serve the public interest, such as a nonprofit or government agency.

勤工俭学的学生通常在校内事情。但是，学生也可选择在非营利机构、当局机构等办事于公用优点的公司，以寻求校外事情。

"On-campus jobs may be more accommodating with the demands of classes and the academic calendar and may be more convenient without transportation," Elizabeth Milam, director of financial aid at Clemson University in South Carolina, wrote in an email.

南卡罗莱纳州克莱姆森大学的财务帮助主任伊丽莎白·米拉姆在邮件中写道：“校内事情约莫切合学生课程和学术研讨的需求，在没有交通东西的情况下更便利。”

Work-study jobs tend to be flexible, with students working anywhere between five and 20 hours a week. During school breaks, such as the summer, students may be able to work up to 40 hours in some cases, experts say.

勤工俭学的事情时间屡屡很机动。学生每周事情5到20小时。专家表现，在学校放假时期，比如暑期，学生约莫会事情40小时。

Compensation varies, depending on the skills required and a student's level of work experience. But schools must at least meet federal and state minimum wage regulations.

薪酬因所需武艺和学生的事情履历水平而异，但学校必需切合联邦和州的最低薪资划定。

Students get paid weekly or biweekly, so work-study money is not immediately available to pay off tuition at the start of the semester, says Shannon Vasconcelos, senior director of college finance and social media at Bright Horizons College Coach, an education consulting company.

Bright Horizons College Coach教导扣问公司的财务和交际媒体高等主管香农·瓦斯康塞洛斯表现，学生每周或每两周提取一次薪资，因此这些勤工俭学的钱并不克不及在学期开头时立刻用于付出学费。

"You actually have to get the job and work the hours before you see any money," she says. "So I tend to consider it more for financing some living expenses throughout the semester or buying books."

“实践上，你想要取得薪资必需先得事情并事情上一段时间，”她说，“因此，我更倾向于帮助学生整个学期的生存费或是将钱用于置办册本。”

Work-study earnings do not count against a student when completing the FAFSA for the following year, but the wages must be reported to the Internal Revenue Service for tax purposes. If a student works two jobs, one at Target and the other on campus through a work-study position, for instance, only the earnings from Target would count toward the total income on the FAFSA, Bedford says.

为了便利征税，在填写下一年的FAFSA时，勤工俭学并不计开学生的收入，但必需向美国国税局报告。贝德福德说，假如一个学生做两份事情，一份在塔吉特，另一份是学校内的勤工俭学，那仅有在塔吉特的收入才计入FAFSA的总收入。

05

勤工俭学方案有什么利益？

There are several non-monetary benefits to the federal work-study program, including gaining work experience and developing necessary workplace skills.

联邦勤工俭学方案有几个非财帛方面的利益，包含取得事情履历和提高事情武艺。

Even if the work-study position is not career-related, it can still help students figure out what they like and dislike in a job. And it also allows students to build connections with their peers and adults on campus.

即使勤工俭学的事情与职业不关，它仍旧可以协助学生了解他们事情的偏好，与校园里的同龄人创建接洽。

"The convenience of working on campus, the opportunity to work closely with the college’s staff and faculty and the recognition that FWS employees are students first – these unique aspects of the FWS program enhance its value in college financing and career planning," Milam wrote in an email. "In addition to earning money for college expenses, many students find their vocational calling."

“FWS项目标共同之处在于，校园事情的便宜性、与学院员工和教员的亲密互助、以及FWS坚持以为学生为先的想法。这些方面提高了其在大学融资和职业方案方面的代价。”米拉姆在电子邮件中说道。“除了挣钱付出大学用度外，很多学生还找到了他们心之所向的职业。

美国联邦当局的勤工俭学是不错的，不外留学生要在把握当地的政策法例后再综合举行思索。同时，也要注意保护本人的权益和宁静，渴望留学生都能在学习事情中劳绩满满。

泉源：U.S. News，图片源于网络，如侵删

监制：李璨

稽核：刘煜

责任编纂：田江含

记者：张佳玲（练习）